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The Conventional Wisdom

The conventional wisdom evolves as a consensus among a group with related interests. It is usually guided by experts with experience in the field. Note the use of the term ‘usually.’ Back in the old days these were writers that wrote about hunting, competition or law enforcement because they actually did those things. Some of the conventional wisdom came from these folks, but some just seems to have always been there.

Black-powder only? When smokeless loads were introduced all guns were ‘black powder guns, and manufacturers designed the new loads for them.

‘Damascus shotguns aren’t safe to shoot,’ ‘You can’t shoot smokeless loads from a black-powder cartridge revolver,’ are two that you still hear a lot, and these have been around far longer than the forty-plus years I’ve been into guns. These are widely spread beliefs and people will defend these vehemently. They’re not actually true, but they are ‘the conventional wisdom.’ (like any antique firearm Damascus shotguns and 19th C. revolvers should be carefully evaluated before firing, and it is prudent to use low-pressure loads. They’re old.)

These two gems have trickled down to us from the early 20th C., but these days there are lot of folks that know stuff because they read it on the internet. Don’t get me wrong, the internet is a fantastic resource and you can learn amazing things. But like any body of knowledge it has to be used advisedly, not simply believed without question.

Is this fine old Parker a grenade? Probably not; thousands of people across the world routinely use shotguns like this all the time. European proof houses routinely ‘nitro proof’ such guns. They are antiques, and should be treated prudently, but no, as a rule they are no more likely to blow up than any antique shotgun.


People, a lot of them smart people, believe things because it has become the conventional wisdom on the internet. People read it, and having no direct experience of their own the accept it and pass it on. Pretty soon it’s just the way it is. Then someone who has that experience comes along and gets push-back because ‘internet says so.’
It gets worse when this conventional wisdom is reinforced by credible sources; people that genuinely do know their particular field but still lack personal experience in related fields. When a well-regarded instructor says something we give it more credence, but in reality they may just be parroting the internet.

I have an acquaintance who was in the army and worked in Special Forces. If he set himself up as a pistol instructor that would give him a lot of cred. The thing is SF has very different emphasis on the use of pistols that does not necessarily apply to civilian self defense or even police work. Oh, and he was a medic in a ‘hearts and minds’ unit. He knows his way around an M9 and M4. He’s even a decent shot, but he will freely admit he knows next to nothing other than how to make them work and put holes in paper. He’s even pretty good at it. But he is not the person you want to look to as an expert in pistol instruction. Got a question about field sanitation, improvised first aid and the like? He’s your man. But a pistol instructor? Nope.

Another fellow I’ve known for decades was also in SF. He was an analyst and intelligence support guy. Once again, he knows his way around the weapons and has had some, un, interesting experiences but none of that qualifies him to be a pistol instructor. The thing is these guys could use their ex-SF cred to pump themselves up as experts or instructors despite the fact that their actual experience genuinely does not apply.

I guess my point is that the conventional wisdom is often nothing more than parroted information that may or may not be true. Don’t reject it out-of-hand, but don’t accept it as received Gospel either. Think, do your own research and whenever possible consult a primary source when possible.

Michael Tinker Pearce, 22 Sept 2022

The C-RAAM- a Designated Marksman Rifle for Science Fiction

*The image is not a concept for this rifle; it’s an Evanix Ranstorm .45 air rifle, but I wanted a picture, so…

I am among other things a science fiction writer, and think a lot about science-fictiony stuff. I was musing over a future infantry weapon along the lines of a Designated Marksman’s Rifle. This is affectively a rifle that is heavier-caliber and longer-ranged than your standard infantry rifle, because sometimes you just need a sniper or enhanced anti-material capability. In developing for a near-future SF novel I came up with a concept, called C-RAAM. Militaries cannot resist acronyms, even tortured ones.

The Combined Assault/Anti-Material Rifle C-RAAM

The hyphen in the acronym is relocated to be behind the ‘C’ because ‘see ram’ sounds cooler than ‘cram,’ and the military does love their acronyms and will go to great lengths to make them roll trippingly off the tongue.

This is a bullpup configuration weapon that can be used as an assault rifle, an anti-material rifle, a sniper rifle or even do stand-in duty for accurate suppressive fire. The barrel and locking rotary bolt are actuated and the bolt us cycled by a linear solenoid attached to the barrel. When the gun cycles the solenoid acts in place of the gas system and recoil assembly. The most obvious questions are, ‘won’t that increase felt recoil?’ and ‘Uh, why?’

It won’t increase felt recoil, because the barrel, bolt and solenoid are jointly mounted with a recoil spring or springs, which is calibrated to ‘float’ in recoil, in other words it never hits a hard-stop to transmit a sharp shock to the user. Physics still works of course, but the recoil impulse feels softer and more manageable. The ‘why?’ part is answered by the cartridge.

The cartridge is a 10-12mm cylinder about 5 inches long with an extractor groove at the back. The body is carbon-composite bonded to a stainless steel base for extraction. The base has no holes of any kind; the gun is fired electrically, so there’s no need for a primer as such. The party-trick here is that the cartridge is five inches long because it holds three bullets, three propellant charges and three primers in tandem, like a Metalstorm serial gun system except the rounds are loaded in a cartridge rather than directly in the barrel. Ignition of the primers is though induction bands in the case-wall at the right places to electrically detonate the primers in the proper sequence.

When the round is chambered the front round fires, then the middle and then the one in the base. The rate of fire is entirely arbitrary depending on what the user wants. they can be fired singly or as a burst. The burst can be at around 700-1000 rounds a minute, depending on what experimentation proves best to get the desired spread and accuracy. It could even be variable depending on how much spread is desirable at the given range of the target, and this could be an autonomous function of the weapon.

The bullets are 6.5mm with a tungsten core and a muzzle velocity in excess of 3000 fps. Yes, this will accelerate barrel wear, but with modern developments in metallurgy this would not be so bad as to become a logistic issue given the weapon’s mission as a multi/special-purpose weapon in limited distribution. It can fulfill the anti-material role as a semi-automatic that only cycles every three shots, or it can fire an ‘anti-material burst.’ When it does this it fires a burst at such a high cyclic rate that all three bullets are actually in the barrel at the same time and land practically on top of each other at short to medium ranges, giving it a significant anti-armor punch.

Regardless of the firing mode after the cartridge is expended the solenoid fires and cycles the action, loading a new cartridge. If for some reason a cartridge fails it can be cycled out and replaced automatically.

Magazines hold ten rounds, which helps keep their size and weight manageable. Doesn’t sound like much, but ten rounds is thirty shots, so it’s not as bad as it sounds.

Issues

*It’s electrically operated and needs batteries. What if you run out?

You don’t. The sealed, factory pre-loaded magazines contain a next generation battery. When inserted in the weapon this charges the small, next generation ultra-capacitors under the barrel that help balance the weapon. If you’ve got a magazine, you’ve got power.

*What if the electronics break?

They’re solid-state and very tough. Bear in mind twenty years ago we could make electronics robust enough to survive a 10,000-G launch from artillery guns. They are also integrated directly into the body of the weapon for the most part; breaking them would require damage that would disable most weapons anyway.

*It sounds complicated; won’t it be expensive?:

Yes, it will be expensive, but with what are now bleeding-edge manufacturing methods it won’t be as expensive as you might think. As for complication in truth it’s mechanically less complicated than modern gas-operated weapons, and in terms of reliability you could make it pretty much bomb-proof. I mean, if you couldn’t you wouldn’t bother, right?

*Logistics

No worse than any other system that doesn’t use the standard infantry rifle’s cartridge and magazine. Depending on the application in the field it might actually reduce the logistic burden.

Deployment and Use

These would be deployed as squad-level weapons, with only one or two issued per squad. They would be used as a standard rifle when required (assault,) an anti-material rifle, a sniper rifle and at need it could be used for precision point-suppression fire.

Since the weapon would be comparable in weight to current designated marksman rifles this should not pose increased issues in portability and use, and being shorter it will be handier than current-generation systems. Unlike light machineguns it will not need heavy, bulky boxed belts, spare barrel kit etc. Barrel heating will be less an issue with a combination of burst-fire, heat being contained by the cartridge and removed when it is ejected and improved material science that is more heat-resistant.

Advantages

*Versatility- one weapon that performs multiple roles at need

*Reliability- moving parts are few, simple and robust

*Portability and Handling- The weapon’s relatively short overall length and electric/electronic operation allow it to be configured to be fully ambidextrous in both operation and ejection of spent cartridges,

*Workload- frees up more members of the fire team to focus on mission objectives rather than specialized roles.

*Reliability- operation is not dictated by the power of the ammunition, and ‘dud’ rounds can be cycled out automatically with no interruption of change of focus for the user

*Mission-specific Ammunition- Since the weapon does not use recoil or gas pressure to cycle, special-purpose munitions are restricted by the bore-diameter and rifling twist rather than the need to provide the impulse that operates the weapon. Different ammunition can interchange seamlessly to meet anticipated mission-specific needs.

For use In Fiction

All the tech used is either off-the-shelf or dependent on emerging technologies with a high probability of successful implementation, in other words tech that is mostly already in existence and being refined for commercial viability rather than needing to be invented. This could in fact be built today, but the batteries and capacitors needed might add enough weight to outweigh the weapon’s usefulness. It wouldn’t take much; the system as envisioned is already as heavy as a DMR, though it is lighter than current anti-material rifles. It also has high plausibility because it addresses genuine needs on the modern/near-future battlefield. It’s a weapon that makes sense and has real-world utility in realistic combat.

Of course this is far more detailed than most readers need or would be happy with, but the author needs to know how it works so that it behaves realistically and consistently in the context of the story. The reader only really needs to know what they need to know to believe it.

Anyway, that’s my idea for what it’s worth. It was a fun mental exercise and don’t be surprised if you read it in one of my future books!

Stay safe and take care,

Michael Tinker Pearce, 1 September 2022

Alliant Sport Pistol Powder in .32 S&W. Yes, the Short One.

.32 S&W was introduced in 1878 by Union Metallic Cartridge for use in a series of pocket revolvers introduced by Smith & Wesson. It quickly became popular and S&Ws revolvers were knocked off by pretty much everyone, guaranteeing a market for this cartridge.

The cartridge’s original form used an 88gr. RNL bullet over 9gr. of FFg Black Powder, giving it a nominal performance of 725 fps and 103 ft./lbs of energy. Hardly a powerhouse, but its only real competitors at the time were .22 rimfires and .32 Colt, which was even weedier than .32 S&W. Oh, and 7mm Pin Fire; while it never really caught on quite a lot of pinfire revolvers were imported in the US. People weren’t exactly spoiled for choice when it came to cartridges for compact self-defense pistols and with violent crime at levels we would find inconceivable in large American cities (the ‘Wild West’ was actually safer) there was a lot of demand to fill.

Today .32 S&W is a relic of another age, long ago supplanted by more modern and effective calibers. But given the literal millions of top-break revolvers made between 1878 and WW2 there are a lot of these guns around, and the majority of them seems to tip to the .32 S&W. By and large these guns have attracted little interest from collectors and can often be had for $90-$200. People sometimes buy them on impulse and naturally they want to shoot them. That can be problematic; up until COVID several manufacturers did small runs of this cartridge and prices weren’t insane like they are for some old cartridges.

Last I checked people were still selling it at prices comparable to other small-bore cartridges but I haven’t looked into this recently. I suspect in this day of shortages many or most companies have suspended manufacture.

Alliant Sport Pistol

This powder is relatively new on the scene, apparently having originated some time around 2018. It’s designed to provide consistent results for competition in popular calibers, and from what I have been able to glean in mid-range loads it seems to do a reasonable job of this. It’s a very finely granulated powder and fairly slow-burning, so it does it’s best work in full-sized guns. I’ve also seen numerous reports that it’s accuracy and consistency improves with loads at the hotter end of the published data, though none of Alliant’s listed loads are what you’d call a ‘hot’ load.

As you’d expect there is zero data on the Alliant site for smaller, older or obsolete cartridges like .32 S&W. I have good results in 9mm and .45 ACP using both jacketed and cast bullets, though it can get very smoky with the latter. Since I had it on-hand I thought I’d try it in .32 S&W just out of curiosity.

Loading with Sport Pistol

This is a very finely granulated powder and meters very well through my lee Perfect powder measure, Since I am working in the dark here I decided to start with 1.2gr, but my powder measure wouldn’t throw a charge of less than 1.5 gr. with this powder. This actually works out decently in .32 S&W, and the powder has a relatively high volume-to-weight ratio so it does a decent job filling the available space.

I loaded a Aardvark Bullets 96gr. LFP bullets over my 1.5gr charge to see how it would perform.

Testing

The test guns

Typically revolvers of this type have around a 3-1/4″ barrel, though manufacturers offered lengths from 2-6″. I’ve been divesting myself of top-breaks and keeping only my favorites, so I no longer have a 3-1/4″-barrel gun and had to use two snubbies. The first is a S&W .32 Double Action (2nd Model) with the barrel cropped at 1-5/8″, and the other is an Iver Johnson First Model .32 Safety Hammerless with a 2″ barrel. This was shortened to this length very professionally at some indeterminate time in the past, and the patination on the crown is consistent with the rest of the gun so I suspect it was quite a long time ago.

Generally speaking you expect a longer barrel to yield higher velocities, but this varies by manufacturer and even by individual guns. Not to mention there’s only 3/8″ difference between the two barrels.

Averages were established with five consecutive shots from each gun.

Iver Johnson 2″

Averages: 472 fps. 47 ft./lbs ES: 103 fps

S&W 1-5/8″

Averages: 478 fps. 49 ft./lbs ES: 144 fps

While the S&W posted higher figures it also had a significantly larger extreme spread, though both were pretty terrible in this regard. I don’t feel much inclined to test for accuracy; neither gun is suited to it and given the huge extreme spreads demonstrated I doubt they would do all that well even in a gun that was specialized for accuracy.

Conclusions

While the listed load is weedy enough that you can probably fire it safely in your antiques, the extreme differences in velocity indicate very different pressures. At this load the highest velocity achieved was only 558 fps.; this is actually a little slower than factory ammo from the same gun, and that is formulated to not blow up the worst guns ever made. I would be leery of pushing this load any hotter. Given that it’s a fairly slow-burning powder it might give better, more consistent results in guns with longer barrels; it’s really not designed for short-barrel guns.

Should you shoot this in your guns? That’s entirely up to you. I will shoot off the remaining cartridges I loaded with no qualms, but I won’t use Sport Pistol for this caliber in the future. Red Dot, Unique and Universal all give better, more consistent results.

Don’t get me wrong, I like Sport Pistol and it is well-suited for what it is made for; target loads out of full-sized pistols. I’d go so far as to recommend it for that use, and will be publishing some test data using the powder in its intended role in the future.

Stay safe and take care,

Michael Tinker Pearce, 17 August 2022